General Archives | SmallTalk

Preparing for Insurance Changes in the New Year: A Guide for Parents

Educational, Featured, General | Oct 23, 2025 4 min read

Parenthood is a rewarding journey filled with joy, milestones, and countless decisions. One of the most important (and often overlooked) responsibilities is understanding your insurance coverage, especially when it comes to services like speech and occupational therapy. With a new year just around the corner, now is the perfect time to review your benefits, make any updates, and ensure your child continues receiving the support they need.

Why It Matters

Insurance coverage can change from year to year, especially if you switch plans during open enrollment. Benefits for services like therapy may vary, and delays in updating or confirming your benefits can interrupt care. That’s why we’re encouraging all families to check their insurance details and notify us of any changes as soon as possible.

Insurance Terms Made Simple

Insurance language can be confusing, so here’s a quick glossary to help:

Insurance Policy: A contract outlining coverage, terms, and limits.
Coverage: The medical services your plan will pay for.
Premium: Monthly amount paid to have insurance.
Deductible: What you must pay before insurance starts covering costs. This amount will typically reset in the new year.
Coinsurance: The percentage of costs you pay after your deductible is met (e.g. 30%).
Copay: A set fee paid at each visit (e.g. $25 per session).
Out-of-Pocket Maximum/Catastrophic Cap: The most you’ll pay in a year for covered services (excluding premiums) — after which insurance pays 100%.

Steps to Prepare for the New Year

1. Review Your New Plan

Start by checking if your plan is changing in the new year. If anything about your plan has changed, or you are unsure, please send us a copy of your new insurance card to frontoffice@smalltalkspeech.com.

2. Understand Your Costs

Check what your benefits and patient responsibility are for speech therapy and occupational therapy. This information is typically listed in the “Benefits” section of your plan summary. Ask your insurance provider about:

Copayments
Deductibles
Coinsurance
Out-of-pocket maximums

3. Check for In-Network Providers

Is SmallTalk in-network? In-network therapists generally result in lower out-of-pocket costs.

4. Get a Referral if Needed

Some plans require a doctor’s referral before therapy services can begin. Check with your pediatrician and your insurer.

5. Ask About Pre-Authorization

Certain services require pre-approval before coverage begins. Skipping this step could result in denied claims.

6. Know Session Limits & Rules

Plans may place limits on how many sessions your child can attend or may limit coverage based on diagnosis.

7. What to Do if a Claim is Denied

Denied claims can often be appealed. Don’t give up! Ask your insurer for steps to initiate an appeal if needed.

8. Explore School-Based Services

Your child’s school may also offer therapy services, which can be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to private therapy.

9. Keep Communication Open

Share any insurance changes with us right away so we can help avoid coverage gaps and ensure continuity of care. You can contact us at frontoffice@smalltalkspeech.com or 619-647-6157 ext. 7 if you have any insurance updates or have any questions.

How to Check Your Benefits

When you call your insurance company, here are some helpful questions to ask:

Is SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy in-network with my plan?
- You may need our NPI: 1619298791
What are my benefits for these CPT codes?
- Speech Therapy: 92523, 92507
- Occupational Therapy: 97166, 97168, 97530
Is there a deductible that applies, and how much of it has been met?
What is my copayment per therapy session?
Are there session limits for speech or occupational therapy?
Do I need pre-authorization?
Are there any diagnosis exclusions?

Always call the Member Services number on the back of your insurance card. If you are having trouble finding it, you can also try the numbers below:

Insurance Provider	Member Services Number
Anthem Blue Cross (CA)	1‑800‑967‑3015
Blue Shield of CA	1‑800‑443‑5005
Blue Shield Federal (FEP)	1‑800‑411‑2583
Kaiser Permanente	1‑800‑464‑4000
Sharp Health Plan	1‑858‑499‑8300
TRICARE West (TriWest)	1‑888‑874‑9378
UnitedHealthcare	1‑800‑577‑8539

Final Thoughts

Understanding and preparing for insurance changes doesn’t have to be stressful. Taking the time now to review your benefits, ask the right questions, and share updates with us ensures that your child’s therapy can continue uninterrupted. Please contact us at frontoffice@smalltalkspeech.com or 619-647-6157 ext. 7 if you have any insurance updates or have any questions. We’re here to support you and your family every step of the way.

Let’s work together to make the new year a successful one for your child and their care.

Identifying Speech and Language Delays: A Guide for Referring Providers

Educational, General, Speech Therapy | Aug 13, 2025 4 min read

As a pediatrician or primary care provider, you are often the first professional a family consults when they have concerns about their child’s development. One of the most common questions parents ask is:

“Is my child’s speech development on track, or should I be concerned?”

Speech and language delays are among the most prevalent developmental concerns in early childhood, yet many children with delays are not identified or referred for support until after critical early windows have passed. Early intervention and timely referrals can significantly improve long-term outcomes in communication, academic readiness, and social-emotional health.

This guide outlines key speech and language early indicators, supported by current research, to help guide your decisions around when to refer for a speech-language evaluation.

The Prevalence of Speech and Language Delays

According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, approximately 8-9% of young children have a speech sound disorder, and 7-8% of preschool children have language delays that may affect learning, behavior, and social interaction.

While every child develops at their own pace, persistent delays or lack of progress in key communication areas can indicate the need for further evaluation. Below are typical early indicators that suggest a child may benefit from a referral to a speech-language pathologist.

Early Indicators of Speech and Language Delays

By 12 Months

Does not babble with a variety of sounds (e.g., “ba,” “da,” “ga”)
Does not respond to name or familiar voices
Limited use of gestures (e.g., pointing, waving)

By 18 Months

Says fewer than 10 meaningful words
Does not attempt to imitate words or sounds
Cannot follow simple one-step commands without gestures

By 24 Months

Says fewer than 50 words
Not combining two words (e.g., “more juice,” “mama help”)
Speech is largely unintelligible to caregivers

By 36 Months

Struggles to form simple sentences
Speech is unclear to unfamiliar listeners more than 50% of the time
Limited vocabulary for age
Difficulty answering basic “wh” questions (e.g., what, where)

At Any Age

Regression in language skills
Persistent drooling or oral motor difficulties
Frustration or behavior issues related to difficulty communicating

Why An Early Referral Matters

Research supports early intervention as a key predictor of long-term success in children with language delays.

Children who receive therapy before age 3 make significantly greater gains in expressive language skills than those who begin later.
Without support, early speech and language delays can evolve into academic struggles, including reading and writing difficulties.

The earlier children receive therapy, the more effective and efficient their progress tends to be, both developmentally and from a resource perspective.

Our Approach at SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy

At SmallTalk, we specialize in evaluating and treating children with speech and language delays from infancy through school age. We understand that your time with families is limited, and our role is to support both you and your patients by providing:

Prompt evaluations and clear feedback
Family education and involvement in treatment planning
Collaborative care with pediatricians, early childhood educators, and specialists
Evidence-based, play-centered therapy that fosters engagement and growth

Whether a child is showing subtle signs of delay or more significant concerns, our team is here to help determine whether intervention is needed, and to guide families with care, compassion, and clinical expertise.

How to Refer

Referrals can be sent directly via fax or by calling our administrative team. We welcome direct conversations with providers who may want to discuss a particular case or family dynamic prior to referral.

If you’re unsure whether a child qualifies, we’re happy to offer an evaluation and determine if therapy is appropriate.

You as the primary care provider are the starting point for families. By identifying and referring children early, you play a critical role in shaping their communication journey—and in many cases, changing their trajectory for life.

Should My Child Start Speech Therapy? What Parents Should Know

General, Speech Therapy | Jul 16, 2025 3 min read

When you’re worried about your child’s speech development, it can feel overwhelming to know what to do next. Maybe you’ve heard well-meaning advice like, “They’ll grow out of it,” or “Just wait and see.” But how do you know if waiting is the right choice? What if early speech therapy could help your child thrive?

At SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy, we often meet parents who aren’t sure whether to seek support or give their child more time. Here’s what you should know to make an informed decision.

Understanding Speech and Language Milestones

All children develop at their own pace, but there are general milestones most kids reach around certain ages. For example:

By 12 months: Babbling, using gestures, responding to their name.
By 18 months: Saying about 10–20 words.
By 2 years: Using two-word phrases (“more juice,” “mama help”).
By 3 years: Speech is clear enough for familiar adults to understand most of what they say.

You can read more about specific milestones with our Developmental Checklist. If your child is significantly behind in these milestones, it may be time to consider an evaluation.

The “Wait and See” Approach

Many parents are told to wait and see if their child will “catch up.” While this can be appropriate in some cases, especially when there is steady progress, delaying help can also mean missing the window when therapy is most effective.

Should My Child Start Speech Therapy? What Parents Should Know

Research shows that early intervention leads to better outcomes in speech and language development. If a delay is identified early, therapy can help build skills before gaps widen.

A 2011 meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology found that parent-led early speech interventions significantly improved expressive language in young children—especially those under age 3 (Roberts & Kaiser, 2011). These findings support the importance of not delaying care when communication concerns arise.

Benefits of Starting Speech Therapy Early

Here are a few reasons why acting early can be so powerful:

Brain Plasticity: Young children’s brains are more adaptable, making it easier to learn new communication skills.
Confidence: Kids often feel frustrated when they can’t express themselves. Therapy helps reduce this frustration and build self-esteem.
Social Connection: Communication delays can impact play and peer relationships. Early support helps kids engage more successfully with others.
Family Support: Therapy gives you tools and strategies to help your child at home.

When to Seek an Evaluation

You don’t need a referral to have your child evaluated by one of our speech-language pathologists. If you notice any of the following, it’s a good idea to schedule an eval:

Your child is not meeting speech milestones for their age.
They appear frustrated by not being understood.
They rarely imitate sounds or words.
You have a gut feeling that something isn’t quite right. Trust your instincts—you know your child best.

How SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy Can Help

At SmallTalk, we believe in early, compassionate, play-based therapy that meets kids where they are. Our licensed speech-language pathologists will:

Assess your child’s speech and language skills.
Create an individualized treatment plan.
Guide you on how to support your child at home.
Celebrate every success, big and small!

You Don’t Have to Wait and Wonder

If you have concerns about your child’s speech, you don’t have to navigate them alone. Early intervention doesn’t mean something is “wrong”, it means you’re giving your child every opportunity to communicate confidently.

Summer Speech & OT Tips: Five Ways to Support Your Child’s Development at Home

Activities, General | Jun 18, 2025 3 min read

Summer break is here—and while it’s a great time to relax and recharge, it can also be the perfect season to support your child’s developmental goals through fun, play-based activities. Whether your child is working on communication, motor skills, or sensory regulation, there are plenty of simple ways to keep therapy going at home.

At SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy, we believe that kids learn best through play—and summer is full of playful opportunities. Here are some therapist-approved tips to help you make the most of the season.

1. Build Speech Skills Through Everyday Moments

Language is everywhere! Use summer outings—like beach trips, park days, or even grocery runs—to model vocabulary, ask open-ended questions, and encourage your child to describe what they see or feel. For younger children, narrate your activities and encourage imitation. For older kids, play games like “I Spy” or storytelling prompts in the car.

Summer Speech & OT Tips: Five Ways to Support Your Child’s Development at Home

Try this: Pack a “summer bag” and talk through each item: “This is sunscreen. It keeps our skin safe!”

2. Make Sensory Play a Daily Routine

Sensory bins, sand play, water tables, and even messy play with shaving cream or finger paint can help children with sensory processing challenges stay regulated and engaged. Summer is a great time to get messy outdoors!

Try this: Fill a bin with water, sponges, and cups for a simple, calming sensory station.

3. Strengthen Fine Motor Skills with Summer Crafts

From sidewalk chalk to water balloons, summer is full of hands-on activities that boost coordination. Crafts like beading, finger painting, and cutting shapes are great for improving grip strength and control—key goals in occupational therapy.

Try this: Make homemade lemonade and let your child squeeze the lemons, stir, and pour—great for hand strength and sequencing.

4. Keep a Routine—but Keep it Flexible

Kids thrive on predictability. Try keeping some structure to your summer days (e.g., morning chores, mid-morning activity, afternoon free play), but allow room for spontaneity. Consistent mealtimes, bedtime routines, and regular movement breaks support both sensory and communication development.

Tip: Use visual schedules to help your child understand what’s coming next.

5. Stay Connected with Your Therapy Team

If your child is enrolled in speech or OT over the summer, be sure to attend regularly—and talk with your therapist about summer goals and carryover activities. If you’re taking a break, ask for a few at-home strategies to keep skills fresh.

Not in therapy yet? Summer is a great time to schedule an evaluation or get started without the school-year rush!

SmallTalk is Here to Help All Summer Long

At SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy, we’re here to support your family year-round—with fun, effective, and compassionate care. Whether you’re continuing therapy this summer or want ideas to use at home, our team is always happy to share tools and encouragement.

If you have questions about your child’s speech, motor, or sensory development, schedule an evaluation today.

Here’s to a summer full of growth, play, and connection!

From My Heart to Yours: A Grandmother’s Perspective on Children’s Therapy

General, Stories, Therapy | May 20, 2025 3 min read

By Shauna Oakes

Sometimes, when I walk through the halls in one of our clinics, I hear laughter creeping out from therapy rooms. At times I hear the frustration of a child who is just learning constructive ways to express emotions. And other times I see creative art pieces lovingly assembled by small hands or groups of children learning to work together. But every day, I feel a deep sense of gratitude that this is the work I get to be part of.

I’m a grandmother and that role defines my heart. But I’m also the administrative director here at SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy-a place that has become a second home not just for me, but for so many families navigating life with little ones who need a bit of extra support.

From the desks I have occupied, I have seen it all: the worried looks of new parents walking in for their first visit, the nervous energy of kiddos not quite sure why they are there or what to expect. But then-over time-the incredible transformation that happens when trust, patience, and care take root.

The Strength in Showing Up: A Message to Parents

What I want parents to know is this: you are doing enough. You are showing up for your child in a world that can sometimes feel overwhelming. You are not alone.

As a grandmother, I often find myself watching these children as if they were my own grandbabies. I see their bravery, their moments of frustration and celebration. I watch them find their voices, their balance, their confidence and I feel so much pride, even if I’m just a tiny part of their journey.

As a mother, I recognize the deep sacrifices you make-your time, your energy, and sometimes other interests you may have had to put on the back burner. I hear your concerns, and I love to see, hear and celebrate with you the victories, especially the ones that once felt out of reach.

Therapy Is a Relationship, Not Just a Service

Therapy, to me, is not just a service. It’s a relationship. It’s a safe space where children are reminded that they are capable, that they matter, and that they are deeply loved for who they are not just for what they can do.

And for the families who walk through our doors: I hope you feel that we care about not just your kiddo but we care about you. I hope you feel our belief in your child, in your family, and in the progress that sometimes comes in inches, not miles. I know the road can be long. I have witnessed it myself over and over again. But I also know how beautiful it can be when you have the right people walking it with you.

Celebrate Every Milestone—Big and Small

So from one grandmother’s heart to another parent’s hands-thank you for trusting us. Thank you for letting us celebrate your child’s growth, step by step. You may not always see it in the moment, but there is magic in the work we can do together. And I promise, from where I sit, it is the most meaningful work I’ve ever known.

Shauna Oakes is the Administrative Director at SmallTalk.

How Virtual Speech and Language Therapy Can Support Your Family

Educational, General, Speech Therapy, Therapy | Apr 22, 2025 2 min read

As the world continues to expand its abilities to connect with other people, so has our ability as therapists to connect with you in ways that are flexible, effective, and fun! Virtual visits are a great method of speech-language services that ensure your child’s ability to make progress on their communication goals, while simultaneously supporting your family navigating busy schedules and lives.

What can be accomplished virtually?

There are a variety of benefits that a virtual visit can provide, much like in-person visits:

Assessments: Standardized assessments to determine the diagnosis of potential speech-language delays, as well as implementation of a comprehensive treatment plan are entirely achievable by meeting virtually. Virtual assessment sessions usually include a combination of standardized testing, particularly if your child is of age to participate. Another effective measure is parent interview, hearing from you exactly what your concerns and observations are of your child in their home environment.
Treatment: Virtual speech therapy sessions can be designed to meet the communication-specific needs of your child. Whether it is articulation, expressive/receptive language, social/pragmatic skills, or related areas, tasks developed through various online games, interactive stories, and songs/videos help support the progress of your child. Not to mention, they are designed to be fun and engaging so that your child will want to continue to attend these virtual visits!
Parent Education and Collaboration: Parents are just as important to the process of speech-language development as the therapists that work with your child. Virtual visits allow for private, constructive conversations to give parents suggestions, resources, and in-the-moment opportunities to demonstrate language facilitation strategies with their children right in the comfort of their own home!

So what now?

If your child might need a little guidance in speech and language, receiving services virtually is an effective way to support the communication journey of your child. SmallTalk offers virtual sessions all-week long, including several therapists, like me, who have dedicated an entire day to virtual sessions to connect with more families around the San Diego community. Please consider giving it a try – I hope to see you online!

By Alex Maloney, SLP

Handwriting Readiness

Activities, Educational, General, Occupational Therapy | Aug 29, 2024 2 min read

Handwriting readiness is a crucial part of a child’s development, involving fine motor and visual motor skills, which are essential for writing and dressing skills, like buttoning and zipping, that support their overall participation in school and activities of daily living.

Fine Motor Skills

Fine motor skills involve the small muscle movements in the hands and fingers that allow children to hold and manipulate writing tools effectively.

Children’s grasp of writing tools will change as they grow. By 4-5 years old, most children should be using a more mature grip. Here’s a timeline:

1-2 years: Fisted grip (holding with their whole hand).
2-3 years: Digital pronate grasp (holding with fingers pointing down, thumb up).
3-4 years: Static tripod grasp (holding with three fingers, but using the whole hand to move the pencil).
4-5 years: Dynamic tripod grasp (using three fingers with wrist and fingers moving independently for control).

Visual Motor Skills

Visual motor skills are essential for using scissors and making pre-writing lines, as they involve coordinating what the eyes see, with how the hands move.

Children typically begin using scissors around 2-3 years old, starting with simple snipping. Here’s a timeline:

2-3 years: Snipping paper and cutting along straight lines.
3-4 years: Cutting out simple shapes like circles and squares.
4-5 years: Cutting more complex shapes

Practicing pre-writing lines is crucial before learning handwriting because it helps children develop the fine motor skills and visual motor coordination needed to form letters and write neatly. Here’s a timeline:

2-3 years: Scribbling and imitating horizontal lines, vertical lines, and a circle
3-4 years: Copying simple lines, a circle, and imitating a cross
4-5 years: Copying a square, cross, triangle, diagonal lines, and an ‘X’

Fun At-Home Activities to Boost Your Child’s Visual and Fine Motor Skills

Practice drawing pre-writing lines, shapes, and letters in sensory bins filled with rice, shaving cream, or sand
Use playdough or wikki stix to create different shapes, lines, and letters
Use broken crayons when coloring/drawing to help initiate a proper grasp
Use large or small beads to string on a shoelace, pipe cleaner, or string
Rip paper to make crafts at home and practice opening and closing markers and glue sticks

By Allie Calcagno, OTR/L

OMG, it’s an OMD!

Educational, General, Speech Therapy | Jul 26, 2024 2 min read

What is an oral motor disorder?

Difficulty with the function of the muscles and structures involved in speech and feeding

May be the result of:

A physical, structural issue such as cleft palate or tongue-tie
Prolonged pacifier or sippy cup use, which interferes with natural oral development
Injury
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A neurological condition such as cerebral palsy and Down syndrome which includes issues with muscle tone, resulting in dysarthria

Signs of an oral motor disorder include:

Droopy or “long” face with mouth that frequently hangs open
Drooling past the age of 18 months
Speech which is difficult to understand
Lisped speech
Difficulty sticking out tongue or moving it from side to side
Difficulty producing certain consonants or deleting them past age 3
Refusal to eat certain foods, especially meat or other tough foods to chew
Frequent gagging when eating
Open-mouth breathing (may be only when sleeping) and/or snoring

Key components affected by oral motor disorders include:

Articulation: Difficulty in coordinating and controlling the movements of the lips, tongue, and jaw which can lead to reduced intelligibility
Chewing: Challenges chewing and manipulating food in the mouth
Swallowing: Difficulty with coordinated and sequential movements required for safe and effective swallowing
Facial Expression: Limited control over facial muscles, impacting facial expressions and non-verbal communication

If you suspect that your child may have an oral motor disorder which is impacting articulation and/or feeding, it is important to seek treatment with a speech-language pathologist and/or occupational therapist. We are here to help!

By Kathleen Winger, M.S., CCC-SLP

Summer Themed Activities for Speech and OT

Activities, General, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy | Jun 28, 2024 3 min read

Summer is finally here! We are excited to share some summer-themed activities you can enjoy with your child. These activities offer therapeutic benefits, helping your child work toward their goals while still enjoying the summer season.

Ice Cube Animal Rescue

To do this activity, put little plastic animals in an ice cube tray, fill it with water, and freeze it. Gather some tools found in your home to break the ice and rescue the animals. For example, use a small hammer to break open the ice, tongs/tweezers to pull the animals out, or an eye dropper with warm water to melt the ice. Use the tools to break and melt the ice more quickly. Once all of the ice melts, you have rescued the animals!

To target language goals, talk about the animals using descriptive language. Describe the animal’s appearance, where they live, and the sounds they make. Use language like, “Oh no, we need to rescue the animals,” “The animals are stuck,” “It feels very cold,” “This animal is really fast,” “That animal has cool stripes,” etc.

To target occupational therapy goals, use a variety of tools, as mentioned above, to work on hand strengthening, force modulation, and grasping patterns, which will contribute to your child’s overall fine motor development.

Use your imagination with this activity! If you do not have little animals, you can freeze other mini objects or toys, little craft pom-poms, etc.

Fun with Chalk

Use sidewalk chalk to draw pictures to target both speech and language goals! Draw pictures and practice speech sounds your child works on in speech therapy. For example, if your child is working on “s,” draw a sun, a bus, an octopus, ice cream, etc. Play pictionary! Take turns drawing pictures and guessing the drawing. Use language to describe colors, patterns, etc. Drawing with chalk is great for developing fine motor and visual motor skills as well!

Make a sensory path! Use sidewalk chalk to create a series of guided movements to challenge your child’s gross motor skills while providing regulating sensory input. These movements could include anything that involves running, jumping, skipping, spinning, or balancing.

For example, start with a two-foot bunny hop, then walk along a curved line, trying to maintain balance. From there, do an animal walk, such as a bear walk or frog jumps, followed by a hopscotch sequence. Then, balance on one foot for 10 seconds and end with a race to the finish line! Get more inspiration on Pinterest or Instagram!

For an added challenge, have your child create their own sensory path to work on executive functioning skills such as planning and organization. See how creative they can get!

Scavenger hunt

Get outside and look for items in nature that are a specific color, texture and/or size! For example, look for something pink, yellow, bumpy, smooth, crunchy, etc. This simple activity can target skills such as describing, following directions, and increasing vocabulary. It is also great for tactile sensory processing, for example, exploring and discriminating between textures. Scavenger hunts can also help your child develop visual perceptual skills, such as finding differences between items and scanning through a busy background to locate an item.

By Nathalie-Rose Malecot, MS CCC-SLP and Jamie Carlson, OTR/L

Poop is a funny word: Resources for Toileting

Educational, General, Occupational Therapy | May 30, 2024 4 min read

Toileting, or as more commonly known as potty training, can be a challenging endeavor for children. Toileting is a complex task which requires many skills such as executive functioning skills including sequencing, sensory processing skills such as interoception, motor skills such as reaching and grasping, balance, dressing skills and so much more. However, occupational therapists are here to help with this challenge. Throughout this post, there will be a multitude of different books to read with your child to help improve their ability to toilet!

The first few books cover the science behind using the bathroom, exciting stuff, right? Well, using books to break down a basic task can help a child understand the process a little bit more and why it is important for our bodies.

“From Chewing to Pooing: Food’s Journey Through Your Body to the Potty” by Lauren Gehringer & Dr. Natalie Gehringer

The first book is called, “From Chewing to Pooing: Food’s Journey Through Your Body to the Potty” by Lauren Gehringer & Dr. Natalie Gehringer. This book talks about digestion in a fun way for children to understand. A child may feel fear surrounding using the bathroom, so learning more about the task can ease toileting anxiety.

“See Inside Your Body” by Colin Daynes and Katie King

The second book titled, “See Inside Your Body” by Colin Daynes and Katie King is a book to help children understand the organs involved with digestion. The more children can understand the process of digestion, the less pressure there may be surrounding using the bathroom. It also contains a lot of fun flaps to lift up and down to learn a little bit more about the body. Through learning more about the body, children can better understand interoception. Interoception is the sensory information people receive from their organs that lets them know if they are hungry, thirsty, sick, or need to use the bathroom.

“My Body Sends A Signal: Helping Kids Recognize Emotions and Express Feelings” by Natalia Maguire

The next book helps children learn more about interoception. The book titled, “My Body Sends A Signal: Helping Kids Recognize Emotions and Express Feelings” by Natalia Maguire teaches about the body sending us different messages and what these messages might mean. While this book focuses a lot on bodily cues related to emotions, it is still a valuable book for children to explore to learn more about how their body can send different signals such as their belly hurting or feeling like there are ‘ants in their pants’.

“It Hurts When I Poop: A Story for Children who are Afraid to Use the Potty” by Howard J. Bennett, M.D.

The last two resources or children’s book shared in this blog post focus more on constipation, which is the build up of hard stool inside the colon that is difficult to pass. Constipation is a common problem that affects a lot of children. Some children may find using the toilet aversive because of constipation. So here are a few books below to help a child defeat the potty time blues.

The first book is titled, “It Hurts When I Poop: A Story for Children who are Afraid to Use the Potty” by Howard J. Bennett, M.D. In this book it follows a main character who experiences constipation in an easy to understand format for kids. It also includes a “poop program” for parents to help their child through this process.

“I Don’t Want to Go To the Toilet” by B. Annyne Rothenberg, Ph.D.

The last book included in this post is titled “I Don’t Want to Go To the Toilet” by B. Annyne Rothenberg, Ph.D. which is a great guide for parents to use throughout the process of potty training, especially if there is a youngster who is having a hard time with this skill.

For more specific information regarding your child’s toileting success, reach out to your child’s occupational therapist. We are here to help, even if it stinks!

By Kat Danella, OTD, OTR/L